diff --git a/docs/undergraduate/软件工程学院/面向对象程序设计实践（基于C++）/2025-2026-1_历次作业_鲍钰.mdx b/docs/undergraduate/软件工程学院/面向对象程序设计实践（基于C++）/2025-2026-1_历次作业_鲍钰.mdx
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+---
+title: oopcpp实践2025-2026-1全作业
+---
+
+import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs';
+import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem';
+
+## 作业
+
+### 1. ClassDraw
+
+#### 题目
+
+
+
+#### 参考答案
+
+
+
+```cpp title="Draw.h"
+#pragma once
+
+/*
+ * @Description: 绘制类
+*/
+class Draw
+{
+public:
+ Draw(char what, int down, int across);
+ void DrawWall();
+ void DrawBox();
+ void DrawTriangle();
+private:
+ char what;
+ int down;
+ int across;
+};
+```
+
+
+
+```cpp title="Draw.cpp"
+#include "Draw.h"
+#include
+#include
+
+/*
+ * @Description: 绘制类的构造函数
+ * @param {char} what 绘制的字符
+ * @param {int} down 绘制的行数
+ * @param {int} across 绘制的列数
+*/
+Draw::Draw(char what, int down, int across) {
+ assert(down >= 0 && across >= 0 && "down or across should >= 0 !"); // 断言，确保 down 和 across 大于等于 0
+ this->what = what;
+ this->down = down;
+ this->across = across;
+}
+
+/*
+ * @Description: 绘制墙
+*/
+void Draw::DrawWall() {
+ for (int i = 0; i < this->down; i++) {
+ for (int j = 0; j < this->across; j++) {
+ std::cout << this->what;
+ }
+ std::cout << std::endl;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * @Description: 绘制盒子
+*/
+void Draw::DrawBox() {
+ for (int i = 0; i < this->down; i++) {
+ for (int j = 0; j < this->across; j++) {
+ if (i != 0 && i != down - 1 && j != 0 && j != across - 1) {
+ std::cout << " ";
+ }
+ else {
+ std::cout << this->what;
+ }
+ }
+ std::cout << std::endl;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * @Description: 绘制三角形
+*/
+void Draw::DrawTriangle() {
+ int h = down > across ? down : across;
+ for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) {
+ for (int j = 0; j < i+1; j++) {
+ std::cout << this->what;
+ }
+ std::cout << std::endl;
+ }
+}
+```
+
+
+
+```cpp title="main.cpp"
+// file encode: UTF-8
+#include "Draw.h"
+#include
+#include
+
+
+const std::set TYPES = { -1,1,2,3 }; // 合法的绘制类型
+
+/*
+ * @Description: 主函数
+*/
+int main()
+{
+ char what = ' ';
+ int across = 0, down = 0, type = 0;
+ while (true) {
+ std::cout << "Please input the shape you want to draw: 1-wall, 2-box, 3-triangle, -1 for end" << std::endl;
+ std::cin >> type;
+ if (TYPES.count(type)) {
+ if (type == -1) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ std::cout << "input the letter to fill the shape" << std::endl;
+ std::cin >> what;
+ std::cout << "height" << std::endl;
+ std::cin >> down;
+ std::cout << "width" << std::endl;
+ std::cin >> across;
+ if (down < 0 || across < 0) {
+ std::cout << "height and width should bigger than 0" << std::endl;
+ continue;
+ }
+ Draw draw(what, down, across);
+ switch (type) {
+ case 1:
+ draw.DrawWall();
+ break;
+ case 2:
+ draw.DrawBox();
+ break;
+ case 3:
+ draw.DrawTriangle();
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ std::cout << "illegal input, please input again!" << std::endl;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+
+
+### 2. ClassDecrypt
+
+#### 题目
+
+
+
+
+
+#### 参考答案
+
+```cpp title="main.cpp"
+#include
+#include
+
+class Decrypt {
+ std::string s;
+ int key;
+public:
+ Decrypt();
+ Decrypt(std::string s,int key);
+ int GetKey();
+ void PrintKey();
+ void GetString();
+ void Print();
+ void PrintAnswer();
+};
+
+Decrypt::Decrypt() { // 默认初始化
+ this->s="hello,world!";
+ this->key=1;
+}
+
+Decrypt::Decrypt(std::string s,int key) { // 按照给定的s与key初始化
+ this->s=s;
+ this->key=key;
+}
+
+int Decrypt::GetKey() { // 获取key值
+ std::cout << "请输入key值（整数【1，10】之间）：\n";
+ std::string num; // 采用string读入提高代码健壮性
+ getline(std::cin,num); // 使用getline避免本行输入中出现空格污染后续输入
+ if(num == "10") { // 特殊判断输入为10的情况
+ this -> key = 10;
+ return this -> key;
+ }
+ else if(num.size() == 1 && num[0]>='1' && num[0] <= '9') { // 如果输入合法，改变key值
+ this->key = num[0] - '0';
+ return this->key;
+
+ }
+ else { // 输入非法，输出提示
+ std::cout << "输入的数值不对，key没有改变。\n";
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+void Decrypt::PrintKey() { // 输出当前key值
+ std::cout << "key值是：" << this -> key << '\n';
+ if(this -> key == 10) { // 如果key在上一步被更改为10，终止程序
+ exit(0);
+ }
+ return;
+}
+
+
+void Decrypt::GetString() { // 获取明文字符串
+ std::cout << "请输入明文字符串：\n";
+ std::string str;
+ getline(std::cin,str); // 采用getline防止无法读入明文字符串中潜在的空格
+ this->s=str;
+ return ;
+}
+
+void Decrypt::Print() { // 输出明文字符串
+ std::cout << "明文字符串是：";
+ std::cout << this->s << '\n';
+ return ;
+}
+
+void Decrypt::PrintAnswer() { // 加密字符串
+ for(int i = 0; i < this->s.size(); i++) { // 加密并修改字符串
+ if(this->s[i] >= 'a' && this->s[i] <= 'z') {
+ this->s[i] -= key;
+ }
+ else if(this->s[i] >= 'A' && this->s[i] <= 'Z') {
+ this->s[i] -= key;
+ }
+ }
+ std::cout << "加密后的密文字符串是：" << this -> s << '\n'; // 在此处输出加密字符串
+ return ;
+}
+
+int main() {
+ Decrypt test;
+ while(true) { // 循环在PrintKey()函数中key==10的情况下终止
+ test.GetKey();
+ test.PrintKey();
+ test.GetString();
+ test.Print();
+ test.PrintAnswer();
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+> 教师批语：
+>
+> 程序的退出逻辑被放在了 PrintKey函数中，很怪。
+> 一个更合理的做法是在 main函数的循环中检查 GetKey的返回值，并决定是否退出。
+
+### 3. ClassRandom
+
+#### 题目
+
+
+
+
+
+#### 参考答案
+
+```cpp title="main.cpp"
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+class Random
+{
+public:
+ int type,left, right, adv; //从左至右分别为 操作类型、最小值、最大值、均值
+ Random(bool pseudo);
+ int reseed();
+ double random_real();
+ int poisson(double mean);
+ int input_positive_int();
+ double input_positive_double();
+ std::vector rand6();
+
+private:
+ int seed, multiplier, add_on;
+};
+
+Random::Random(bool pseudo) // 构造函数
+{
+ if (pseudo)
+ seed = 1;
+ else
+ seed = time(NULL) % INT_MAX;
+ multiplier = 2743;
+ add_on = 5923;
+ type = 0;
+}
+
+int Random::reseed() // 种子生长函数
+{
+ seed = seed * multiplier + add_on;
+ return seed;
+}
+
+double Random::random_real()
+{
+ double max = INT_MAX + 1.0; // INT_MAX = (2)31 -1
+ double temp = reseed();
+ if (temp < 0)
+ temp = temp + max;
+ return temp / max;
+}
+
+int Random::poisson(double mean)
+{
+ double limit = exp(-mean);
+ double product = random_real();
+ int count = 0;
+ while (product > limit)
+ {
+ count++;
+ product *= random_real();
+ }
+ return count;
+}
+
+int Random::input_positive_int() // 以字符串形式读入一个正整数
+{
+ std::string str;
+ std::cin >> str;
+ int res = 0;
+ for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
+ {
+ if (str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9')
+ {
+ res *= 10;
+ res += str[i] - '0';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+ if(res <= 0) res = -1;
+ return res;
+}
+
+double Random::input_positive_double() // 以字符串形式读入一个小数
+{
+ std::string str;
+ std::cin >> str;
+ double res = 0, now = 1;
+ bool dot = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
+ {
+ if (str[i] == '.') // 判断小数点是否出现过
+ {
+ if (dot)
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ dot = true;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9')
+ {
+ if(dot) // 处理小数部分
+ {
+ now /= 10;
+ res += (str[i] - '0') * now;
+ }
+ else // 处理整数部分
+ {
+ res *= 10;
+ res += str[i] - '0';
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+ if(res <= 0) res = -1;
+ return res;
+}
+
+std::vector Random::rand6() // 生成六个范围内的随机数
+{
+ std::vector res(6);
+ for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+ {
+ res[i] = random_real() * (right - left) + left;
+ }
+ return res;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+ Random r(false);
+ std::cout << "=====================================\n";
+ std::cout << " 泊松分布随机数生成器应用 \n";
+ std::cout << "=====================================\n";
+ while (r.type != 3)
+ {
+ std::cout << "\n";
+ std::cout << "请选择操作：\n";
+ std::cout << "1. 生成范围内6个随机数\n";
+ std::cout << "2. 生成均值多个随机数\n";
+ std::cout << "3. 退出\n";
+ std::cout << "请输入选项（1-3）：";
+ r.type = r.input_positive_int();
+
+ while (r.type < 1 || r.type > 3) // 确保输入类型符合预期
+ { // 我承认这么写看起来很丑
+ std::cout << "请您输入选项（1-3），为正整数，请重新来！\n"; // 但我一时想不到相对更好的写法
+ r.type = r.input_positive_int();
+ }
+
+ if (r.type == 1) // 生成区间内六个随机数
+ {
+ std::cout << "请输入最小值（正整数）：";
+ r.left = r.input_positive_int();
+
+ while (r.left < 1)
+ {
+ std::cout << "请输入最小值（正整数），为正整数，请重新来！\n";
+ r.left = r.input_positive_int();
+ }
+
+ std::cout << "请输入最大值（正整数）：";
+ r.right = r.input_positive_int();
+
+ while (r.right < 1 || r.right < r.left)
+ {
+ if (r.right < 1)
+ std::cout << "请输入最大值（正整数），为正整数，请重新来！\n";
+ else if (r.right < r.left)
+ std::cout << "错误：最小值不能大于最大值！请重新输入最大值（正整数）\n";
+ r.right = r.input_positive_int();
+ }
+
+ std::vector res = r.rand6();
+
+ std::cout << "生成[" << r.left << "，" << r.right << "]的6个随机数如下：";
+ for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+ {
+ std::cout << res[i] << (i < 5 ? ", " : "\n");
+ }
+ }
+
+ else if (r.type == 2) // 生成给定均值的泊松分布随机数
+ {
+ std::cout << "请输入概率均值(正实数)：\n";
+ r.adv = r.input_positive_double();
+
+ while (r.adv <= 0)
+ {
+ std::cout << "请您概率均值(正实数)，为正实数，请重新来！\n"; // 此处拼写错误系给定示例程序原文，故原文保留
+ r.adv = r.input_positive_double();
+ }
+
+ int num;
+ std::cout << "请输入产生随机整数的个数（正整数）：\n";
+ num = r.input_positive_int();
+
+ while (num < 1) {
+ std::cout << "请您请输入产生随机整数的个数（正整数），为正整数，请重新来！\n";
+ num = r.input_positive_int();
+ }
+
+ long long sum = 0; // 计算随机整数之和
+ std::cout << "产生随机整数序列：\n";
+ for(int i = 0; i < num; i++)
+ {
+ int res = r.poisson(r.adv);
+ sum += res;
+ std::cout << res << ' ';
+ }
+ // 示例程序计算均值似乎有误，已修复此问题
+ std::cout << "\n随机整数序列的平均值是：" << (double)sum/num << '\n';
+ }
+ }
+ std::cout << "感谢使用泊松分布随机数生成器应用！\n";
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+> 教师批语：
+>
+> rand6 函数中，
+> 生成随机数的公式为 random_real() * (right - left) + left，
+> 这样生成的随机数范围实际上是 [left, right)，永远无法生成最大值 right
+
+### 4. ClassTime
+
+#### 题目
+
+
+
+
+
+#### 参考答案
+
+```cpp title="main.cpp"
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+class TimeType
+{
+public:
+ void Set(int hours, int minutes, int seconds);
+ void Increment();
+ void Write() const;
+ bool Equal(TimeType otherTime) const;
+ bool Lessthan(TimeType otherTime) const;
+ TimeType(int initHrs, int initMins, int initSecs);
+ TimeType();
+ bool Overlap();
+
+private:
+ int hrs;
+ int mins;
+ int secs;
+};
+
+void TimeType::Set(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) // 将函数参数赋给类中的变量
+{
+ this->hrs = hours;
+ this->mins = minutes;
+ this->secs = seconds;
+ return;
+}
+
+void TimeType::Increment() // 让类增加一秒
+{
+ this->secs++;
+ if (this->secs == 60) // 处理 60 秒 -> 1 分钟进位
+ {
+ this->secs = 0;
+ this->mins++;
+ }
+ if (this->mins == 60) // 处理 60 分钟 -> 1 小时进位
+ {
+ this->mins = 0;
+ this->hrs++;
+ }
+ if (this->hrs == 24) // 处理 24 小时 -> 1 天进位
+ {
+ this->hrs = 0;
+ }
+ return;
+}
+
+void TimeType::Write() const
+{
+ if (this->hrs == 12 || this->hrs == 0) // 特殊处理 0 点和 12 点
+ printf("12");
+ else //输出当前小时
+ printf("%02d", this->hrs%12);
+ printf(":%02d:%02d\n", this->mins, this->secs); // 以保留两位有效数字形式输出当前分钟与秒
+ return;
+}
+
+bool TimeType::Equal(TimeType otherTime) const // 当且仅当小时，分钟，秒三个变量均相等的时候返回 True
+{
+ return this->hrs == otherTime.hrs &&
+ this->mins == otherTime.mins &&
+ this->secs == otherTime.secs;
+}
+
+bool TimeType::Lessthan(TimeType otherTime) const // 将类中时间转换为自00:00:00过去了多少秒，然后比较大小，只能比较同一天内的时间
+{
+ return (this->hrs * 3600 + this->mins * 60 + this->secs) < (otherTime.hrs * 3600 + otherTime.mins * 60 + otherTime.secs);
+}
+
+TimeType::TimeType(int initHrs, int initMins, int initSecs) // 构造函数
+{
+ this->hrs = initHrs;
+ this->mins = initMins;
+ this->secs = initSecs;
+}
+
+TimeType::TimeType() // 构造函数
+{
+ this->hrs = 0;
+ this->mins = 0;
+ this->secs = 0;
+}
+
+bool TimeType::Overlap() // 判断三个指针是否重合
+{
+ return this->mins == this->secs && this->mins / 12 + this->hrs % 12 * 5 == this->mins;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+ TimeType beg(9, 23, 23), end(21, 23, 23);
+ int num = 0;
+ for (TimeType i = beg; !i.Equal(end); i.Increment()) // 考虑到可能需要更换参数处理跨天的情况，故采用了 !!i.Equal(end) 而非 i.Increment() 作为循环条件
+ {
+ if (i.Overlap())
+ {
+ std::string s; // 作为吞掉输入的临时变量，无实际意义
+ num++; // 计算当前是第多少次重合
+ std::cout << "-------------------------------------\n"; //参考示例程序，输出上分割线
+ std::cout << "第" << num << "次重合，重合时间：";
+ i.Write();
+ std::cout << "-------------------------------------\n";
+ std::getline(std::cin, s); // 根据实际测试，示例程序应该是采用的getchar()，但是出于美观性的考虑，本处采用了getline()
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 5. CBrowser
+
+#### 题目
+
+
+
+
+
+#### 参考答案
+
+
+
+```cpp title="brouser.h"
+template
+struct Node
+{
+ // data members
+ Node_entry entry;
+ Node *next;
+ Node *back;
+ // constructors
+ Node();
+ Node(Node_entry item, Node *link_back = 0, Node *link_next = 0);
+ ~Node();
+};
+
+template
+class CBrowser
+{
+private:
+ // data members
+ Node *current; // 当前游标指针
+public:
+ // constructors
+ bool CanForward(); // 可以继续往前
+ bool Forward(); // 前进一个节点
+ bool CanBack(); // 可以继续后退
+ bool Back(); // 后退一个节点
+ void NewSite(Node_entry site); // 将新的site插入到current当前位置的后面
+ Node *GetCurrent(); // 获得当前游标指针current
+ CBrowser(); // 缺省构造，空链表
+ ~CBrowser(); // 析构，释放所有节点内存
+};
+
+template
+Node::Node()
+{
+ this->entry = "";
+ this->back = nullptr;
+ this->next = nullptr;
+}
+
+template
+Node::Node(Node_entry item, Node *link_back, Node *link_next)
+{
+ this->entry = item;
+ this->back = link_back;
+ this->next = link_next;
+}
+
+template // 递归删除此节点及其所有后继节点
+Node::~Node()
+{
+ if (this->next != nullptr)
+ {
+ delete this->next;
+ }
+}
+
+template // 检测当前节点的next指针是否为空以判断是否存在后继节点
+bool CBrowser::CanForward()
+{
+ return (this->current->next != nullptr);
+}
+
+template
+bool CBrowser::Forward()
+{
+ if (this->CanForward())
+ {
+ this->current = this->current->next;
+ return true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return false;
+ }
+}
+
+template // 采用了含头节点的双向链表
+bool CBrowser::CanBack() // 故检测当前节点的back指针的back指针是否为空检测该节点前驱节点是否为头节点
+{ // 等价于检测该节点是否存在前驱节点
+ return (this->current->back->back != nullptr);
+}
+
+template
+bool CBrowser::Back()
+{
+ if (this->CanBack())
+ {
+ this->current = this->current->back;
+ return true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return false;
+ }
+}
+
+template
+void CBrowser::NewSite(Node_entry site)
+{
+ delete this->current->next; // 先删除当前节点的所有后继节点
+ Node *newSite = new Node(site, this->current, nullptr);
+ newSite->entry = site; // 然后使当前节点的后继节点为新节点
+ this->current->next = newSite; // 设定指针
+ this->current = newSite; // 将当前节点转移至后继节点
+}
+
+template
+Node *CBrowser::GetCurrent()
+{
+ return this->current;
+}
+
+template
+CBrowser::CBrowser()
+{
+ current = new Node;
+}
+
+template
+CBrowser::~CBrowser()
+{
+ delete this->current;
+}
+```
+
+
+```cpp title="main.cpp"
+#include
+#include
+#include "brouser.h"
+
+int main()
+{
+ std::cout << "请输入浏览器命令：V(访问新网站)，F(前进)，B(后退)，X(退出)\n";
+ CBrowser log; // 创建浏览器历史记录链表
+ char command = 0; // 存储当前指令
+ while (command != 'X')
+ {
+ std::string input;
+ getline(std::cin, input); // 使用getline()读取字符串作为指令
+ command = input.front(); // 取字符串首字符做指令模糊匹配
+
+ if (command >= 'a' && command <= 'z') // 处理大小写敏感
+ {
+ command -= 'a';
+ command += 'A';
+ }
+
+ std::string website;
+ switch (command)
+ {
+ case 'V':
+ std::cout << "请输入新的网址：";
+ getline(std::cin, website); // 使用getline()读入新网址
+ log.NewSite(website);
+ std::cout << "当前网址是：" << log.GetCurrent()->entry << '\n';
+ break;
+
+ case 'F':
+ if (log.Forward())
+ {
+ std::cout << "当前网址是：" << log.GetCurrent()->entry << '\n';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ std::cout << "无法前进！\n";
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 'B':
+ if (log.Back())
+ {
+ std::cout << "当前网址是：" << log.GetCurrent()->entry << '\n';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ std::cout << "无法后退！\n";
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 'X':
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ std::cout << "请输入合法的浏览器命令：V(访问新网站)，F(前进)，B(后退)，X(退出)\n"; // 处理读入非法命令的情况
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+
+
+### 6. CTypes
+
+#### 题目
+
+
+
+
+
+#### 参考答案
+
+```cpp title="main.cpp"
+#include
+
+using namespace std;
+
+long long input_int(string str) // 以字符串形式读入一个正整数，从之前写的随机数类作业中拿过来的
+{
+ long long res = 0;
+ long long i = 0;
+ bool negative = false;
+ if (str.front() == '-') // 处理负号
+ {
+ negative = true;
+ i++;
+ }
+ for (; i < str.size(); i++)
+ {
+ if (str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9')
+ {
+ res *= 10;
+ res += str[i] - '0';
+ }
+ else //非法值一律返回0，在函数内再进行判断
+ {
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ return negative ? -res : res;
+}
+
+class CTypes
+{
+public:
+ CTypes(); // 缺省构造函数，所有成员初始化为0
+ CTypes(int n, unsigned int i, char c, unsigned char u, bool b); // 构造函数，所有成员初始化为形参
+ void setValue(); // 设置内部成员数据数值
+ void printValue(); // 输出内部成员数据数值
+ void printDeep(); // 输出所有内部成员数据底层补码的存放信息
+
+private:
+ void printBinary(void *var, size_t size); // 打印指针var指向任意变量（字节数为size）的底层二进制表示
+ // size_t 是一个无符号整数类型,32位系统unsigned int（4字节）64位系统unsigned long（8字节）
+ // void * 是一种特殊的指针类型，称为 "无类型指针" 或 "泛型指针",在解引用,或者+-操作之前，必须将其转换为具体的指针类型。
+
+ // 内部成员：
+ int n;
+ unsigned int i;
+ char c;
+ unsigned char u;
+ bool b;
+};
+
+CTypes::CTypes() //缺省构造
+{
+ this->n = 0;
+ this->i = 0;
+ this->c = '\0';
+ this->u = '\0';
+ this->b = false;
+}
+
+CTypes::CTypes(int n, unsigned int i, char c, unsigned char u, bool b) //给定值构造
+{
+ this->n = n;
+ this->i = i;
+ this->c = c;
+ this->u = u;
+ this->b = b;
+}
+
+void CTypes::setValue()
+{
+ string str;
+ long long temp;
+ cout << "请输入整数n:\n";
+ while (1)
+ {
+ getline(cin, str);
+ temp = input_int(str);
+ if (temp == 0 && str != "0") //此处判断返回值为0是读入了非法值还是读入了0
+ {
+ cout << "请您输入整数，请重新来！\n";
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ this->n = temp;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ cout << "请输入非负整数i:\n";
+ while (1)
+ {
+ getline(cin, str);
+ temp = input_int(str);
+ if (temp == 0 && str != "0")
+ {
+ cout << "请您输入非负整数，请重新来！\n";
+ }
+ else if (temp < 0) //返回负数的时候同样作为非法值处理
+ {
+ cout << "请您输入非负整数，请重新来！\n";
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ this->i = temp;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ cout << "请输入字符c:\n"; // 按照样例程序，此处输入字符串时保留第一个字符
+ getline(cin, str);
+ this->c = str.front();
+
+ cout << "请输入【0,255】闭区间的整数for unsigned char u:\n";
+ while (1)
+ {
+ getline(cin, str);
+ temp = input_int(str);
+ if (temp == 0 && str != "0")
+ {
+ cout << "请您输入【0,255】闭区间的整数，请重新来！\n";
+ }
+ else if (temp < 0 || temp > 255) //处理返回范围外的非法值
+ {
+ cout << "请您输入【0,255】闭区间的整数，请重新来！\n";
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ this->u = temp;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ cout << "请输入布尔类型数值b，只能为0或1:\n";
+ while (1) //因为布尔类型情形简单，只需要判断两种情况，便不调用字符串转整数函数了
+ {
+ getline(cin, str);
+ if (str == "0")
+ {
+ this->b = false;
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (str == "1")
+ {
+ this->b = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ cout << "请您输入布尔类型数值b，只能为0或1，请重新来！\n";
+ }
+ }
+
+ return;
+}
+
+void CTypes::printValue() //打印变量
+{
+ cout << "内部成员数值为：" << endl;
+ cout << "整数n数值为：" << this -> n << endl;
+ cout << "无符号整数i数值为：" << this -> i << endl;
+ cout << "字符c数值为：" << this -> c << endl;
+ cout << "无符号字符u数值为：" << (int)(this -> u) << endl; //以数值形式打印无符号整数
+ cout << "布尔类型b数值为：" << this -> b << endl;
+ return;
+}
+
+void CTypes::printDeep()
+{
+ cout << "内部成员底层补码0和1信息为：" << endl;
+
+ cout << "整数" << this->n << "底层补码0和1信息为：";
+ this->printBinary(&(this->n), sizeof(this->n));
+ cout << endl;
+
+ cout << "无符号" << this->i << "底层补码0和1信息为：";
+ this->printBinary(&(this->i), sizeof(this->i));
+ cout << endl;
+
+ cout << "字符" << this->c << "底层补码0和1信息为：";
+ this->printBinary(&(this->c), sizeof(this->c));
+ cout << endl;
+
+ cout << "无符号字符" << (int)(this->u) << "底层补码0和1信息为："; //这里同样以数值形式打印无符号整数
+ this->printBinary(&(this->u), sizeof(this->u));
+ cout << endl;
+
+ cout << "布尔类型" << this->b << "底层补码0和1信息为：";
+ this->printBinary(&(this->b), sizeof(this->b));
+ cout << endl;
+
+ return;
+}
+
+void CTypes::printBinary(void *var, size_t size)
+{
+ unsigned long long now = (1LL << (size*8-1)); // 将 now 设为最高位为 1 ，其余位为0的形式
+ unsigned long long value;
+ switch(size) { // 以对应的无符号类型读取 var 指向的值，便于后续位运算处理
+ case 1:
+ value = *((unsigned char*)var);
+ break;
+ case 2:
+ value = *((unsigned short*)var);
+ break;
+ case 4:
+ value = *((unsigned long*)var);
+ break;
+ case 8:
+ value = *((unsigned long long*)var);
+ break;
+ default:
+ value = (1LL << 63);
+ }
+ int num = 0;
+ while(now) {
+ cout << (bool)(now&value);
+ num ++;
+ now >>=1; // 通过 now 每次右移自左向右打印底层存储
+ if(num == 8) // 字节之间以空格隔开
+ {
+ cout << ' ';
+ num = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ return;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+ CTypes t1;
+ CTypes t2(-10, 10, 'K', 200, 1);
+ cout << "注意，整数在底层是按照补码存放，正整数的原码 = 反码 = 补码；" << endl;
+ cout << "负数的反码是原码符号位不变，数值位取反，补码是反码加1。" << endl;
+ cout << "下面是缺省构造成员底层内部信息：" << endl;
+ t1.printDeep();
+ cout << "下面是t2(-10,10,'K',200,1)构造后，成员底层内部信息：" << endl;
+ t2.printDeep();
+ cout << endl;
+
+label1:
+ string input = "";
+ cout << "请选择操作:" << endl;
+ cout << "1. 设置类所有内部成员数值，并回显" << endl;
+ cout << "2. 打印类所有成员内部底层0和1表示信息" << endl;
+ cout << "3. 退出" << endl;
+ cout << "请输入选项 (1-3):";
+ while (input != "3")
+ {
+ getline(cin, input);
+ if (input == "1")
+ {
+ t1.setValue();
+ cout << endl;
+ cout << "信息回显：" << endl;
+ t1.printValue();
+ cout << endl;
+ goto label1; // 使用 goto 来重新打印默认信息
+ }
+ else if (input == "2")
+ {
+ t1.printDeep();
+ cout << endl;
+ goto label1;
+ }
+ else if (input == "3")
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ cout << "请您输入选项 (1-3)，为正整数，请重新来！" << endl;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### 期末大作业
+
+#### 题目
+
+Move.h
+
+
+
+MyStack.h
+
+
+
+Board.h
+
+
+
+1. 当输入无效棋谱文件名称时，程序要求人自行和电脑对战，运行效果如下图
+
+
+
+2. 当输入初学者棋谱beginer.txt时，运行效果如下图
+
+
+
+
+
+3. 当输入高手棋谱master.txt时，运行效果如下图
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+```text title="beginner.txt"
+0 0
+0 1
+0 2
+1 0
+1 1
+1 2
+2 0
+2 1
+2 2
+```
+
+
+```text title="master.txt"
+1 1
+2 0
+1 2
+0 1
+```
+
+
+
+#### 参考答案
+
+
+
+```cpp title="Move.h"
+class Move
+{
+public:
+ Move();
+ Move(int r, int c);
+ int row;
+ int col;
+};
+
+Move::Move()
+{
+ row = -1;
+ col = -1;
+}
+
+Move::Move(int r, int c)
+{
+ row = r;
+ col = c;
+}
+```
+
+
+```cpp title="MyStack.h"
+enum Error_code
+{
+ underflow,
+ overflow,
+ success
+};
+
+const int maxstack = 10;
+
+template
+class MyStack
+{
+public:
+ MyStack();
+ bool empty() const;
+ Error_code pop();
+ Error_code top(Stack_entry &item) const;
+ Error_code push(const Stack_entry &item);
+
+private:
+ int count;
+ Stack_entry entry[maxstack];
+};
+
+template
+MyStack::MyStack()
+{
+ count = 0;
+}
+
+template
+bool MyStack::empty() const
+{
+ return count <= 0;
+}
+
+template
+Error_code MyStack::pop()
+{
+ if(empty())
+ {
+ return underflow;
+ }
+ count--;
+ return success;
+}
+
+template
+Error_code MyStack::top(Stack_entry &item) const
+{
+ if(empty())
+ {
+ return underflow;
+ }
+ item = entry[count - 1];
+ return success;
+}
+
+template
+Error_code MyStack::push(const Stack_entry &item)
+{
+ if(count >= maxstack)
+ {
+ return overflow;
+ }
+ entry[count] = item;
+ count++;
+ return success;
+}
+```
+
+
+```cpp title="Board.h"
+#include
+#include "Move.h"
+#include "MyStack.h"
+
+class Board
+{
+public:
+ Board();
+ bool done() const;
+ void print() const;
+ void instructions() const;
+ bool better(int value, int old_value) const;
+ bool ValidStep(Move try_it) const;
+ void play(Move try_it);
+ int worst_case() const;
+ int evaluate() const;
+ int legal_moves(MyStack &moves) const;
+ int the_winner() const;
+
+private:
+ int squares[3][3];
+ int moves_done;
+};
+
+Board::Board()
+{
+ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+ for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
+ squares[i][j] = 0;
+ moves_done = 0;
+}
+
+bool Board::done() const
+{
+ return moves_done == 9 || the_winner() > 0;
+}
+
+void Board::print() const
+{
+ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+ {
+ for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
+ {
+ std::cout << " " << squares[i][j];
+ }
+ std::cout << '\n';
+ }
+ std::cout << '\n';
+}
+
+void Board::instructions() const
+{
+ std::cout << "This is a Tic-Tac-Toe game. Wait for computer going...\n";
+}
+
+bool Board::ValidStep(Move try_it) const
+{
+ return (squares[try_it.row][try_it.col] == 0);
+}
+
+void Board::play(Move try_it)
+{
+ squares[try_it.row][try_it.col] = moves_done % 2 + 1;
+ moves_done++;
+}
+
+int Board::the_winner() const
+{
+ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+ {
+ if (squares[i][1] != 0 &&
+ squares[i][1] == squares[i][0] &&
+ squares[i][1] == squares[i][2])
+ return squares[i][1];
+ if (squares[1][i] != 0 &&
+ squares[1][i] == squares[0][i] &&
+ squares[1][i] == squares[2][i])
+ return squares[1][i];
+ }
+ if (squares[1][1] != 0)
+ {
+ if (squares[1][1] == squares[0][0] &&
+ squares[1][1] == squares[2][2])
+ return squares[1][1];
+ if (squares[1][1] == squares[0][2] &&
+ squares[1][1] == squares[2][0])
+ return squares[1][1];
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int Board::legal_moves(MyStack &moves) const
+{
+ int count = 0;
+ while (!moves.empty())
+ moves.pop();
+ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+ for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
+ if (squares[i][j] == 0)
+ {
+ moves.push(Move(i, j));
+ count++;
+ }
+ return count;
+}
+
+int Board::evaluate() const
+{
+ int winner = the_winner();
+ if(winner == 1) return 10-moves_done;
+ else if(winner == 2) return moves_done-10;
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+bool Board::better(int value, int old_value) const
+{
+ if(moves_done%2) return valueold_value;
+}
+
+int Board::worst_case() const
+{
+ if(moves_done%2) return 10;
+ else return -10;
+}
+```
+
+
+```cpp title="main.cpp"
+#include "Board.h"
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+int look_ahead(const Board &game, int depth, Move &recommended)
+{
+ if (game.done() || depth == 0)
+ return game.evaluate();
+ else
+ {
+ MyStack moves;
+ game.legal_moves(moves);
+ int value, best_value = game.worst_case();
+ while (!moves.empty())
+ {
+ Move try_it, reply;
+ moves.top(try_it);
+ Board new_game = game;
+ new_game.play(try_it);
+ value = look_ahead(new_game, depth - 1, reply);
+ if (game.better(value, best_value))
+ {
+ best_value = value;
+ recommended = try_it;
+ }
+ moves.pop();
+ }
+ return best_value;
+ }
+}
+
+void play(std::vector> rem)
+{
+ Board game;
+ Move recommended;
+ int x, y;
+ int i = 9;
+ int now = 0;
+ game.instructions();
+ while (!game.done())
+ {
+ look_ahead(game, i, recommended);
+ game.play(recommended);
+ std::cout << "Computer:\n";
+ game.print();
+ if (game.done())
+ break;
+ std::cout << "Your turn:\n";
+ if (now < rem.size())
+ {
+ x = rem[now].first;
+ y = rem[now].second;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ std::cout << "X:";
+ std::cin >> x;
+ std::cout << "Y:";
+ std::cin >> y;
+ }
+ Move me(x, y);
+ game.play(me);
+ game.print();
+ i--;
+ }
+ if (game.the_winner() == 1)
+ std::cout << "Game over with computer win.\n";
+ else if (game.the_winner() == 2)
+ std::cout << "Game over with you win.\n";
+ else
+ std::cout << "Game over with a draw.\n";
+}
+
+std::vector> read(std::string file)
+{
+ freopen(file.c_str(),"r",stdin);
+ std::string line;
+ std::vector> rem;
+ while(std::getline(std::cin,line))
+ {
+ if(line.size()==0) break;
+ std::istringstream record(line);
+ int x,y;
+ record >> x >> y;
+ rem.push_back({x,y});
+ }
+ freopen("CON","r",stdin);
+ return rem;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+ std::string filename;
+ std::cout << "Please input the chess file name:\n";
+ std::cin >> filename;
+ std::ifstream file(filename);
+ std::vector> rem;
+ if(file.good())
+ {
+ rem = read(filename);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ std::cout << "** Can't open input file **\n";
+ std::cout << "Please input by youself.";
+ }
+ play(rem);
+ return 0;
+}
+```
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/undergraduate/软件工程学院/面向对象程序设计实践（基于C++）/README.md b/docs/undergraduate/软件工程学院/面向对象程序设计实践（基于C++）/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..095c3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/undergraduate/软件工程学院/面向对象程序设计实践（基于C++）/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: 面向对象程序设计实践(基于C++)
+description: "课程代码: SE2414"
+---
+
+## 2025-2026 学年上学期
+
+### 鲍钰
+
+非常简单，没上理论课也可以轻松完成作业的程度。
+
+但是早八略不友善
+
+基本就是上课写一节课的作业，然后最后一节课作业是考试
\ No newline at end of file
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